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this is just a pretty I just is this any

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specific you want how very podcast on

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guys

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giggles all right ha this is Evan

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Bernstein this guy kicks guide to the

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universe and you listening to the

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skeptics every I can do hi everyone this

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is Evan Bernstein from the skeptics

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guide to the universe and you are

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listening to the skeptics own oh voice

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like honey heaven that was so good

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[Music]

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welcome to the skeptic zone the podcast

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from Australia for science and reason

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[Music]

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yes it's the skeptics zone episode

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number 454 for the 2nd of July 2017

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Richard Saunders here with you from New

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York City New York what a wonderful

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wonderful time I've had over the past

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few days first couple of days up in

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Connecticut staying with my dear friend

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Evan Bernstein who you heard briefly at

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the beginning of the show then tripped

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down through Connecticut to our New York

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City with Steve novella and that was an

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interesting trip a lot of good

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conversation and for the past few days

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I've been taking part in Nexus the

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Northeast Conference of science and

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skepticism right here in New York City

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it's got one more day to run sadly for

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me only a half a day for travel reasons

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I've got to catch a flight but what a

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wonderful time I've had so far I've been

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trying to get lots of interviews for

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skeptic zone listeners they will be

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coming up in the coming weeks but a

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little taste of New York on this week's

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episode the last report the last story

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is my impressions of Times Square where

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I join

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Jocelyn novella Julian novella and

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autumn novella they took me on a little

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tour so coming up at the end of the show

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a walk around the madness the wonder the

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spectacle that is Times Square in New

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York and I hope it gives you a little

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sense of a little taste a bit of a

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flavor but yes lots of interviews and

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more in-depth things coming up in the

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coming weeks from this conference

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including a nice chat I had with none

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other than James Randi and what a

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pleasure was to catch up with James

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Randi haven't seen him for a little

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while and apart from anything else that

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just reminds me how much we laugh

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together James Randi and I it's it's

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it's something very special but before

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we get to all that coming up at the top

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of the show it's Heidi Robertson the raw

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skeptic but the very interesting and

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different interview she interviews dr.

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Carl cruise on whiskey who talks about

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just about everything you can possibly

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imagine

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and this interview was conducted

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they were driving along in a car Heidi

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was driving dr. Carl had the microphone

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and well you'll hear for yourself coming

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up to kick off the show the raw skeptic

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report dr. Carl and Heidi Robinson

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driving along in a car hour the links my

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reporters will go to then it's brouhaha

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signs from Australia science TV this

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week Kelly Wang tells us about the

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census the recent government census here

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in Australia and some of the findings

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Bend around off the show it's part two

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of our be keeping story from last week

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with dr. eugenie Scott and this week

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Jeannie and I sat down and she talks

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more about the science of beekeeping and

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bees and things like plagues and mites

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and things that affect bees very

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interesting the science some of the

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science of beekeeping stay tuned at the

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end of the show I will have a few more

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things to say about this conference

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there Northeast Conference of science

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and skepticism but now it's time for me

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to well I can't really run anywhere I'm

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in a hotel room in New York in fact I've

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just left a very nice evening with lots

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of skeptical friends here and a bar a

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few blocks away snuck away to produce

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the skipping cents so it's time for me

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to well let me let me see

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open the minibar maybe I don't know raid

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them there's not much here to raid I'll

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figure out something well I'm figuring

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out something maybe I'll I'll order out

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for some bagels and root beer maybe I'll

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do something like that well I figure

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that out I hope you enjoy the skeptic

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it's the raw skeptic report with Heidi

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Robertson hello everyone hi Lee

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Robertson from the Northern Rivers

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vaccination supporters in your ears

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today last Friday the 23rd of June 2017

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I was privileged to speak with dr. Carl

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who was up my way in barn bay for the

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starstuff event you may have heard the

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recent promos for this event on the

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sceptic zone and more about that in a

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separate report now if you are

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Australian you will know who dr. Carl is

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but for our overseas listeners who may

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not be aware dr. Carl is pretty much

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Australia's equivalent of America's Bill

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Nye the Science Guy relating dr. Karl's

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qualifications and achievements would

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take far too long

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so if you'd like to learn more about him

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you can go to his website dr. Carl calm

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dr. Carl took some time out from his

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trip up here to speak with the students

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of Mullen bimby High School in this

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interview I talked with him about his

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presentation to the students as well as

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some other stuff I was speaking with him

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whilst driving him to his barn bay

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accommodation with him holding my

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microphone so I do apologize in advance

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for the sometimes stilted sentences on

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my part turns out I'm not as good as I

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thought I would be at multitasking and

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with that said I hope you enjoy the

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interview at the carpark there on the

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maze here the cow pasture burnt upside

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down cars

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exit that way okay here we go

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thank you for joining us on the sceptic

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zone dr. Karl my pleasure thank you very

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much well I've been looking very much

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forward to meeting with you I'm a bit of

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a fangirl

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I'm not worthy but thank you so you're

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actually in town for the starstuff

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festival which is found at starstuff

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Kombe you and it's been described online

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as being a lineup of Australia's hmm

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most renowned astrophysicists

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cosmologists I think astronomers

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astrophotographers and you're one of the

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keynote speakers so that's exciting even

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though I'm not a professional astronomer

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cosmologists or photographer but I do

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write about that but I'd listen to the

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heavy guys because they're the ones who

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give me the stuff that I plagiarized I

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follow the motto of plagiarize

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plagiarize let no one's work ever evade

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your eyes and so I turned into pretty

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stories oh that's awesome well before we

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get to star stuff you were actually

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talking at a high school the local high

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school Mullen with me high school which

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is I don't know if you knew Richard

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Saunders actually went to Muhlenberg B

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high school when he was a young chap and

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you were there to talk to them about all

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things science I really liked the format

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of your talk actually because you were

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talking to them about the changes they

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could expect to see in various fields of

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science over the course of their

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lifetime can you tell us a bit more

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about the topics that you that you

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talked about today with the students

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yes things will change dramatically in

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their working lives so I dealt with five

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ish major topics being changes that will

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happen in their working lives in the few

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field of computers / IT and going into

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things such as the hundred thousand

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people who already have computers buried

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in their brains to help them get through

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their day those computers and then I

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also dealt with engineering and point

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out that science is about discovering

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stuff that's not known Engineering is

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about building stuff that's not known

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and how that's going to change including

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the big changes coming along with 3d

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printing then went into genetics and

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went out in a bit of a limb pointing out

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that there's a reasonable chance that

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some of them will be in the first

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generation to live forever by forever

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amid 5,000 years of age was a healthy 18

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to 25 year old body kept that way by

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genetics whereas I'll be in the first

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generation to die and kill don't worry

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about it and the changes that will

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happen with genetics and I deliberately

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did not mention the weaponization of

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genetics that's just too easy so if you

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wonder you can make a virus that had a

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time delay in it and that was as nasty

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as a bowl and our bowl is very nasty but

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it's really silly because it kills you

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almost immediately what you wanna do is

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infect everybody then kill them and then

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you can trigger it with any particular

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characteristic your life for example you

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know like red haired people and then

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pick the racial characteristic or the

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top of your choice and then kill off any

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of those people so that's the sort of

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stuff that's coming

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but deliberately did not mention that to

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them did I make them too sad and then

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into the fourth topic which is basic

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physics and that's a really big field

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with now the finally understood mass and

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I've just barely touched upon the fact

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that there are so many major problems we

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have with physics today like dark matter

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dark energy and the fact that the

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neutrino has mass there's all these

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problems in physics we've got a whole

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bunch of theories that are sort of held

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together with gaffer tape it's so much

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as bad as God's design of the knee

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that's how bad it is but it's still

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pretty good and we're going to come up

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with something new in physics and then

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talked about the environment was a guard

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to global warming and then to give them

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an overview of those four topics went

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into the fifth or the sixth topic which

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is world view and the concept of a

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moonshot where a country spends hundreds

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of billions of dollars a decade or

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decades on a single goal and in the case

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of China they go for moon shots where as

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we in the West have one moon shot which

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was to bring peace and democracy to Iraq

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and Afghanistan we've spent a billion

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dollars a day since 2003 on it and I

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don't think it's looking like we're

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getting our value back and then went

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into the through positive notes that we

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can not only halt the global warming I

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didn't mention that we could reverse it

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with 80 million units each the size of

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her container we can actually mostly

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have stopped pumping carbon dioxide we

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can start bringing it out and avoid that

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five to eight meter

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ocean level rise by the end of the

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century and also the fact that the kids

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are smart and their parents by 9 oq

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points the Flynn effect and also we are

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living in the most peaceful time in

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history don't believe the press when

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they follow their mantra of if it bleeds

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it leads they just lied to you and I

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stuffed all of that into one quarter

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hours and 15 minutes of Q&A so

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there's a job and you're still talking

274
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at the same rate that you did during the

275
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entire presentation which was extremely

276
00:12:45,500 --> 00:12:44,190
impressive I have to say that that's the

277
00:12:47,870 --> 00:12:45,510
first time I ever heard of the Flynn

278
00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:47,880
effect and I thought that the students

279
00:12:51,950 --> 00:12:49,860
were all quite a little bit excited

280
00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:51,960
about that hang on Howard you didn't

281
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read my 38th book oh dear listener like

282
00:12:59,900 --> 00:12:56,370
a knife into my heart

283
00:13:02,420 --> 00:12:59,910
oh that way you can get it for free on

284
00:13:07,070 --> 00:13:02,430
the ABC homepage look up on Google dr.

285
00:13:09,740 --> 00:13:07,080
Karl ABC and Flynn f ly double n and you

286
00:13:13,280 --> 00:13:09,750
too and read for yourself how the IQ is

287
00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:13,290
going up by 9 IQ points every generation

288
00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:19,530
oh my god Shirley I was having before

289
00:13:23,630 --> 00:13:21,810
the world wide web began in 1932 when we

290
00:13:27,470 --> 00:13:23,640
first started measuring it with the

291
00:13:30,080 --> 00:13:27,480
intakes into the American military and

292
00:13:31,220 --> 00:13:30,090
we started with measuring IQ was going

293
00:13:32,690 --> 00:13:31,230
up then since then we've measured

294
00:13:35,630 --> 00:13:32,700
happening not just in American military

295
00:13:37,820 --> 00:13:35,640
but American citizens and citizens

296
00:13:40,850 --> 00:13:37,830
around the world in any country where

297
00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:40,860
they are wealthy enough to afford an IQ

298
00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:43,050
test as part of their education system

299
00:13:47,390 --> 00:13:44,970
what is going on with that then how do

300
00:13:52,190 --> 00:13:47,400
we explain that we cannot explain it

301
00:13:53,810 --> 00:13:52,200
what we do know is that firstly people

302
00:13:56,150 --> 00:13:53,820
are thinking more in their jobs rather

303
00:13:58,730 --> 00:13:56,160
than doing so in 1903 percent of people

304
00:14:01,850 --> 00:13:58,740
sat down and thought today's 35 percent

305
00:14:04,340 --> 00:14:01,860
secondly we've gone more abstract so we

306
00:14:07,040 --> 00:14:04,350
think about concepts such as mammals

307
00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:07,050
rather than dogs chasing cats but it's

308
00:14:10,860 --> 00:14:08,410
still a

309
00:14:14,460 --> 00:14:10,870
mysterious well there you go and another

310
00:14:16,079 --> 00:14:14,470
fun fact that I did not know where there

311
00:14:18,749 --> 00:14:16,089
are six thousand two hundred and seventy

312
00:14:20,939 --> 00:14:18,759
three different varieties of rice yes

313
00:14:23,340 --> 00:14:20,949
and we almost lost all the rice on the

314
00:14:25,619 --> 00:14:23,350
planet when the rice grassy stunted

315
00:14:28,470 --> 00:14:25,629
virus started attacking all the rice on

316
00:14:29,850 --> 00:14:28,480
earth and the scientists went looking in

317
00:14:31,949 --> 00:14:29,860
the nineteen seventies and they found

318
00:14:35,999 --> 00:14:31,959
the number of strains resistant to this

319
00:14:38,040 --> 00:14:36,009
virus was one not one hundred one and

320
00:14:40,259 --> 00:14:38,050
the scientists had found it in India in

321
00:14:42,090 --> 00:14:40,269
the mid-1960s and if we had not found

322
00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:42,100
that variety of rice and bread into it

323
00:14:50,490 --> 00:14:47,050
there would be no rice korma no fried

324
00:14:52,290 --> 00:14:50,500
rice no cut rice for curry we people

325
00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:52,300
don't realize how close we came to not

326
00:14:55,199 --> 00:14:53,920
having any rice I certainly didn't

327
00:14:57,509 --> 00:14:55,209
realize that and I think you're saying

328
00:15:01,679 --> 00:14:57,519
that it actually makes up 20-25 percent

329
00:15:04,949 --> 00:15:01,689
of the world's staple caloric intake is

330
00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:04,959
it this ballpark figure rice is an

331
00:15:11,009 --> 00:15:08,170
incredibly important product in the

332
00:15:15,449 --> 00:15:11,019
world today for nutrition for roughly

333
00:15:17,759 --> 00:15:15,459
one-fifth of humanity okay so this

334
00:15:19,470 --> 00:15:17,769
weekend it's very exciting

335
00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:19,480
a is there anyone in particular you're

336
00:15:25,079 --> 00:15:21,430
you're particularly looking forward to

337
00:15:27,749 --> 00:15:25,089
to hearing all of them because each of

338
00:15:29,790 --> 00:15:27,759
them has expertise in areas that I have

339
00:15:31,679 --> 00:15:29,800
zero expertise I'm a generalist they're

340
00:15:33,929 --> 00:15:31,689
specialists so I'm turning out for all

341
00:15:35,970 --> 00:15:33,939
of the talks just to learn more and the

342
00:15:37,650 --> 00:15:35,980
amazing thing is that when you go you

343
00:15:39,870 --> 00:15:37,660
think I know that I know that what and

344
00:15:42,780 --> 00:15:39,880
then you learn something new so I'm

345
00:15:45,389 --> 00:15:42,790
hanging out for everybody I'm just so

346
00:15:46,370 --> 00:15:45,399
glad that this event is coming to Byron

347
00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:46,380
Bay hours

348
00:15:52,250 --> 00:15:48,570
viewing Dylan the O'Donnell the event

349
00:15:56,180 --> 00:15:52,260
coordinator the other day I was a little

350
00:15:58,220 --> 00:15:56,190
bit bemused when he described how

351
00:16:00,620 --> 00:15:58,230
several people thought that this was

352
00:16:03,890 --> 00:16:00,630
actually going to be an astrology event

353
00:16:06,140 --> 00:16:03,900
did you hear about that an official

354
00:16:09,560 --> 00:16:06,150
government body in charge of funding for

355
00:16:10,790 --> 00:16:09,570
events like this misread astronomy for

356
00:16:13,370 --> 00:16:10,800
astrology because they thought it was

357
00:16:14,750 --> 00:16:13,380
Byron Bay and therefore assumes that you

358
00:16:17,150 --> 00:16:14,760
couldn't have astronomy you'd have only

359
00:16:19,310 --> 00:16:17,160
astrology and we do live in a strange

360
00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:19,320
part of the world up here where on one

361
00:16:22,070 --> 00:16:20,850
hand they care more about the

362
00:16:24,170 --> 00:16:22,080
environment than practically anywhere

363
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:24,180
else in Australia but they do not care

364
00:16:29,480 --> 00:16:27,360
about their children because they've got

365
00:16:33,080 --> 00:16:29,490
the lowest rates of vaccination in

366
00:16:35,690 --> 00:16:33,090
Australia well I did particularly like

367
00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:35,700
the part in your talk where you you said

368
00:16:40,610 --> 00:16:38,010
to the students children get vaccinated

369
00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:40,620
I really wanted to stand up and Cheer at

370
00:16:45,890 --> 00:16:43,290
that point in time actually talking

371
00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:45,900
about vaccinations and many of our

372
00:16:52,070 --> 00:16:50,610
listeners on the sceptic zone have seen

373
00:16:54,190 --> 00:16:52,080
the vaccination Chronicles the

374
00:16:56,570 --> 00:16:54,200
documentary written and produced by

375
00:16:59,090 --> 00:16:56,580
Richard Saunders and of course is you

376
00:17:02,300 --> 00:16:59,100
starred in that yourself and you were in

377
00:17:04,010 --> 00:17:02,310
that documentary which by the way if you

378
00:17:06,679 --> 00:17:04,020
haven't seen it it is well worth seeing

379
00:17:11,689 --> 00:17:06,689
it's only about 26 minutes long and it's

380
00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:11,699
freely available on YouTube but dr. Karl

381
00:17:16,579 --> 00:17:13,530
you were saying that you spent some time

382
00:17:19,069 --> 00:17:16,589
as a medical student up here I think in

383
00:17:20,540 --> 00:17:19,079
nimbin in particular can you tell us do

384
00:17:22,939 --> 00:17:20,550
you remember the story that you you

385
00:17:25,400 --> 00:17:22,949
relied for the skeptics oh sorry the

386
00:17:27,439 --> 00:17:25,410
vaccination chronicles regarding that

387
00:17:29,030 --> 00:17:27,449
particular one particular experience

388
00:17:30,560 --> 00:17:29,040
that you had

389
00:17:34,700 --> 00:17:30,570
with a patient when you're a medical

390
00:17:36,980 --> 00:17:34,710
student it's such a tragic story I can

391
00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:36,990
never forget it you see as a medical

392
00:17:41,210 --> 00:17:38,910
student you're taught to observe people

393
00:17:43,660 --> 00:17:41,220
and gradually to go through you get

394
00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:43,670
better and better and part of it is

395
00:17:47,510 --> 00:17:46,170
where they laughingly call the funny

396
00:17:50,180 --> 00:17:47,520
walk so you learn to recognize the

397
00:17:51,590 --> 00:17:50,190
difference between somebody who's

398
00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:51,600
walking that way because they've got a

399
00:17:54,380 --> 00:17:52,290
stroke

400
00:17:57,440 --> 00:17:54,390
they've got Huntington's chorea they've

401
00:18:00,560 --> 00:17:57,450
got Parkinson's disease and so I was

402
00:18:02,810 --> 00:18:00,570
there as a medical student in an office

403
00:18:04,850 --> 00:18:02,820
with the doctor shadowing the doctor in

404
00:18:06,920 --> 00:18:04,860
nimbin and just sitting there quietly

405
00:18:08,780 --> 00:18:06,930
asking you know they're not saying

406
00:18:13,090 --> 00:18:08,790
anything to keep my big mouth shut in my

407
00:18:15,850 --> 00:18:13,100
big ears open and in came this

408
00:18:20,159 --> 00:18:15,860
mother and father and their 16 year old

409
00:18:23,820 --> 00:18:20,169
child and as a 16 year old child came in

410
00:18:27,159 --> 00:18:23,830
it was perfectly obvious that the kid

411
00:18:29,529 --> 00:18:27,169
had polio just obvious if he if you've

412
00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:29,539
seen it you know it it's there the sky's

413
00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:30,890
blue the kids got poly edges from the

414
00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:34,490
war and even and it's so real in

415
00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:35,570
Australia just don't see it

416
00:18:40,380 --> 00:18:38,690
and and I was so surprised that I looked

417
00:18:43,840 --> 00:18:40,390
at the doctor who then looked at me and

418
00:18:46,690 --> 00:18:43,850
we both were thinking the same thing how

419
00:18:48,549 --> 00:18:46,700
did this kid get polio so we both kept

420
00:18:50,140 --> 00:18:48,559
it I said I think he can be she was very

421
00:18:52,120 --> 00:18:50,150
good he kept he's a big now so just ask

422
00:18:57,060 --> 00:18:52,130
questions so what's happening and so the

423
00:19:01,630 --> 00:18:57,070
story was that they'd gone to India and

424
00:19:03,789 --> 00:19:01,640
the kids have got a sore leg hip knee

425
00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:03,799
something and there's something wrong

426
00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:05,360
with his bones can you organize an x-ray

427
00:19:12,250 --> 00:19:08,530
I said the doctor did a series of

428
00:19:13,990 --> 00:19:12,260
neurological musculoskeletal physical

429
00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:14,000
examinations and it was perfectly clear

430
00:19:21,970 --> 00:19:18,530
that the kid had polio and then he asked

431
00:19:24,279 --> 00:19:21,980
the question has your son being

432
00:19:26,830 --> 00:19:24,289
vaccinated against polio and they

433
00:19:28,060 --> 00:19:26,840
started getting really angry and at that

434
00:19:30,430 --> 00:19:28,070
moment I realized that they've been

435
00:19:34,149 --> 00:19:30,440
thinking about that themselves and they

436
00:19:36,100 --> 00:19:34,159
started throwing stuff around the office

437
00:19:38,870 --> 00:19:36,110
and stormed out saying that they're

438
00:19:42,990 --> 00:19:38,880
going to sue the doctor for

439
00:19:45,090 --> 00:19:43,000
suggesting that the question has your

440
00:19:47,790 --> 00:19:45,100
child been immunized against polio was

441
00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:47,800
important and the kid that turned out

442
00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:52,090
had polio and then would have that limp

443
00:19:55,170 --> 00:19:53,050
for the rest of their life would get a

444
00:19:56,520 --> 00:19:55,180
little bit better and then later 30 40

445
00:19:59,280 --> 00:19:56,530
years down the line going to the post

446
00:20:01,920 --> 00:19:59,290
viral syndrome posted her polio syndrome

447
00:20:04,830 --> 00:20:01,930
and and get worse again all because the

448
00:20:06,780 --> 00:20:04,840
parents had deliberately chosen not to

449
00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:06,790
get their kids vaccinated and there was

450
00:20:12,090 --> 00:20:08,170
something going on in their heads

451
00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:12,100
without thinking well polio is not real

452
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,840
and vaccinations don't work and the

453
00:20:17,070 --> 00:20:15,520
other part was going but our kid is gone

454
00:20:18,150 --> 00:20:17,080
we didn't get him vaccinated we went to

455
00:20:22,290 --> 00:20:18,160
a country where there's lots of polio

456
00:20:26,430 --> 00:20:22,300
everywhere and I feel very sorry for

457
00:20:27,690 --> 00:20:26,440
both the parents and the kid and that's

458
00:20:28,620 --> 00:20:27,700
an example of why you should get

459
00:20:31,980 --> 00:20:28,630
vaccinated

460
00:20:33,660 --> 00:20:31,990
dangerous vaccination is the one you

461
00:20:37,830 --> 00:20:33,670
don't get

462
00:20:39,630 --> 00:20:37,840
yeah well said one of the main things we

463
00:20:42,180 --> 00:20:39,640
here at Northern Rivers vaccinations

464
00:20:44,010 --> 00:20:42,190
supporters with people that that don't

465
00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:44,020
want to vaccinate their children is well

466
00:20:49,530 --> 00:20:46,330
why should i vaccinate against things

467
00:20:52,650 --> 00:20:49,540
that are no longer around but you've

468
00:20:57,080 --> 00:20:52,660
just Illustrated that point you know

469
00:20:59,490 --> 00:20:57,090
very clearly that will things like polio

470
00:21:01,380 --> 00:20:59,500
will in countries that are still endemic

471
00:21:05,370 --> 00:21:01,390
and i think it's down to three countries

472
00:21:06,990 --> 00:21:05,380
now that still have polio as endemic but

473
00:21:10,380 --> 00:21:07,000
it's a it's really only a plane ride

474
00:21:11,850 --> 00:21:10,390
away isn't it yeah now look let me just

475
00:21:13,800 --> 00:21:11,860
back up I said the only dangerous

476
00:21:16,740 --> 00:21:13,810
vaccine is the one you didn't take okay

477
00:21:18,810 --> 00:21:16,750
let's just go deep into this attack

478
00:21:21,870 --> 00:21:18,820
these statistics let's go deep into

479
00:21:23,580 --> 00:21:21,880
these statistics Paracelsus said all

480
00:21:27,420 --> 00:21:23,590
drugs are poisons what medicines the

481
00:21:30,810 --> 00:21:27,430
dose so there have been occasions where

482
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:30,820
people have had reactions to polio

483
00:21:34,770 --> 00:21:33,010
vaccines or any other vaccine but

484
00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:34,780
overwhelmingly if you look at the

485
00:21:40,340 --> 00:21:38,530
numbers you are much safer if you get

486
00:21:42,510 --> 00:21:40,350
vaccinated than if you don't

487
00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:42,520
overwhelmingly you're much safer on the

488
00:21:47,160 --> 00:21:45,970
plane trip then on the taxi ride to the

489
00:21:50,790 --> 00:21:47,170
airport

490
00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:50,800
so just to be absolutely rigorous you've

491
00:21:55,020 --> 00:21:53,170
got to look at the big picture and the

492
00:21:56,430 --> 00:21:55,030
big picture to get safer so why should

493
00:21:57,960 --> 00:21:56,440
you get vaccinated against some disease

494
00:21:59,400 --> 00:21:57,970
that's no longer around because it's no

495
00:22:01,500 --> 00:21:59,410
longer around and by getting vaccinated

496
00:22:03,540 --> 00:22:01,510
you'll make sure it's not around for the

497
00:22:05,940 --> 00:22:03,550
next generation I was there in the kids

498
00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:05,950
hospital in the early 1990s we had after

499
00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:08,710
a gap of 20 years of deaths from

500
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:10,840
whooping cough we had zero deaths from

501
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:13,510
whooping cough we had the first deaths

502
00:22:19,740 --> 00:22:16,570
from whooping cough and that was after a

503
00:22:21,030 --> 00:22:19,750
TV series had shown what they sit with

504
00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:21,040
both sides of the story

505
00:22:25,770 --> 00:22:22,570
giving equal weight to the vaccination

506
00:22:27,780 --> 00:22:25,780
and anti vaccination story so they could

507
00:22:29,220 --> 00:22:27,790
sell more dog food or whatever it was

508
00:22:31,170 --> 00:22:29,230
that was going on in the ads in between

509
00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:31,180
and as a result there's a kid died and I

510
00:22:38,370 --> 00:22:33,610
spoke to the parents and they said but

511
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:38,380
insert name of TV presenter TV presenter

512
00:22:42,810 --> 00:22:40,930
said that there's an argument both ways

513
00:22:46,740 --> 00:22:42,820
and so we thought we'd just not do

514
00:22:48,270 --> 00:22:46,750
anything and that person their kids

515
00:22:50,820 --> 00:22:48,280
death was directly responsible to

516
00:22:52,890 --> 00:22:50,830
hearing the words of that person on TV

517
00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:52,900
their kid died because that person on TV

518
00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:54,730
said those words and the kid didn't have

519
00:22:59,670 --> 00:22:56,290
to die and they were finding something

520
00:23:01,770 --> 00:22:59,680
else with whooping cough which my

521
00:23:05,430 --> 00:23:01,780
daughter is suffering from so the thing

522
00:23:07,940 --> 00:23:05,440
is that whooping cough vaccine out of

523
00:23:12,210 --> 00:23:07,950
all of accidents that we have is the

524
00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:12,220
least effective vaccine some are really

525
00:23:16,020 --> 00:23:14,290
effective if you get vaccinated against

526
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:16,030
measles make you set for life

527
00:23:20,430 --> 00:23:18,010
whooping cough vaccine is not as

528
00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:20,440
effective and you need top-ups and it

529
00:23:25,790 --> 00:23:22,770
turns out that if you do get

530
00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:25,800
whooping cough because the vaccine was

531
00:23:31,010 --> 00:23:28,410
not 100% if Acacia s-- you'll end up

532
00:23:32,750 --> 00:23:31,020
with even though you've been vaccinated

533
00:23:35,120 --> 00:23:32,760
you'll still get a very weak form of

534
00:23:39,770 --> 00:23:35,130
whooping cough which happened to one of

535
00:23:42,670 --> 00:23:39,780
my daughters and as a result even though

536
00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:42,680
she'd been vaccinated she still got

537
00:23:50,270 --> 00:23:45,450
something that has left her lungs a

538
00:23:52,940 --> 00:23:50,280
little bit damaged forever it turns out

539
00:23:55,550 --> 00:23:52,950
and this new syndrome is just being

540
00:23:57,800 --> 00:23:55,560
explored now thanks to the anti-vaxxers

541
00:24:02,480 --> 00:23:57,810
we now have this brand-new disease where

542
00:24:03,710 --> 00:24:02,490
the lungs a lift after you've even

543
00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:03,720
though you've been vaccinated you still

544
00:24:09,140 --> 00:24:06,090
get a weak form of whooping cough your

545
00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:09,150
lungs are left in a hyper immune State

546
00:24:14,660 --> 00:24:11,760
now the immunologists have a saying the

547
00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:14,670
lungs are a dumb organ and they don't

548
00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:18,000
need to but the lungs react against the

549
00:24:22,400 --> 00:24:20,610
whooping cough and everything else so

550
00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:22,410
that later in life after you've had a

551
00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:24,390
fairly distressing bit of whooping cough

552
00:24:27,020 --> 00:24:25,710
and you're caught for ages and finally

553
00:24:28,070 --> 00:24:27,030
get over it your eyes get a bit

554
00:24:29,390 --> 00:24:28,080
bloodshot and you're sick of it for a

555
00:24:31,790 --> 00:24:29,400
couple of months but then for the rest

556
00:24:33,860 --> 00:24:31,800
of your life you're left with whooping

557
00:24:36,620 --> 00:24:33,870
cough hypersensitivity of the lungs

558
00:24:40,010 --> 00:24:36,630
where any infection can damage you and a

559
00:24:42,500 --> 00:24:40,020
friend of my daughter young got

560
00:24:44,330 --> 00:24:42,510
pneumonia and would have died if it

561
00:24:46,510 --> 00:24:44,340
wasn't for antibiotics and she'd been

562
00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:46,520
vaccinated as well so

563
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:50,330
even though whooping-cough has been

564
00:24:55,180 --> 00:24:53,210
pushed back a lot because of the herd

565
00:24:56,650 --> 00:24:55,190
immunity dropping and because the

566
00:24:57,850 --> 00:24:56,660
vaccine is not the best vaccine in the

567
00:24:59,530 --> 00:24:57,860
world because we're just not that good

568
00:25:01,510 --> 00:24:59,540
because they're not having anything but

569
00:25:05,049 --> 00:25:01,520
it's still hard as perfect as measles we

570
00:25:07,390 --> 00:25:05,059
still end up with some defects but maybe

571
00:25:08,650 --> 00:25:07,400
1020 years we'll have a bit of AXI but

572
00:25:10,770 --> 00:25:08,660
of course we had herd immunity we

573
00:25:13,990 --> 00:25:10,780
wouldn't have to have the better vaccine

574
00:25:17,980 --> 00:25:14,000
very good well thank you thank you so

575
00:25:20,290 --> 00:25:17,990
much for that we're nearly at your your

576
00:25:23,890 --> 00:25:20,300
place of residence for the next couple

577
00:25:26,470 --> 00:25:23,900
of days so we might wrap up there but

578
00:25:28,030 --> 00:25:26,480
I'm looking forward to the weekend and

579
00:25:30,280 --> 00:25:28,040
looking forward to you speaking again

580
00:25:32,980 --> 00:25:30,290
and hopefully we can catch up at some

581
00:25:35,710 --> 00:25:32,990
point and have a coffee and another

582
00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:35,720
gasbag I do like coffee the world's most

583
00:25:40,660 --> 00:25:37,490
popular legal drug with overwhelmingly

584
00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:40,670
so many good effects but only in

585
00:25:44,910 --> 00:25:43,370
observational studies and so by an

586
00:25:47,770 --> 00:25:44,920
observational study I mean you get

587
00:25:51,010 --> 00:25:47,780
300,000 nurses in America and you follow

588
00:25:53,169 --> 00:25:51,020
them for three decades and what you find

589
00:25:55,299 --> 00:25:53,179
is if they have coffee they have a

590
00:25:58,600 --> 00:25:55,309
longer life expectancy lower heart

591
00:26:01,720 --> 00:25:58,610
disease better outcomes with prostate

592
00:26:04,360 --> 00:26:01,730
cancer okay and better outcomes with

593
00:26:06,160 --> 00:26:04,370
diabetes type 2 diabetes and there are

594
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:06,170
so many people type 2 diabetes that if

595
00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:09,290
there were a country by themselves

596
00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:10,610
they'd be the third largest country on

597
00:26:17,890 --> 00:26:13,250
earth and with liver disease and and

598
00:26:21,490 --> 00:26:17,900
mouth and skin cancers as well but these

599
00:26:24,430 --> 00:26:21,500
are not your peer review double-blind

600
00:26:26,049 --> 00:26:24,440
randomized control just up in there they

601
00:26:28,049 --> 00:26:26,059
don't your peer reviewed randomized

602
00:26:30,460 --> 00:26:28,059
double control test they're just simply

603
00:26:32,140 --> 00:26:30,470
observational so they're just a hint we

604
00:26:35,140 --> 00:26:32,150
didn't need to do the better studies so

605
00:26:36,220 --> 00:26:35,150
I do like coffee if you go to give up

606
00:26:38,560 --> 00:26:36,230
anything here's something if you want to

607
00:26:40,690 --> 00:26:38,570
give up something in going down a

608
00:26:43,120 --> 00:26:40,700
pathway of getting healthier or whatever

609
00:26:45,220 --> 00:26:43,130
that is don't give up coffee give up

610
00:26:49,230 --> 00:26:45,230
fats or something to blend give up

611
00:26:51,690 --> 00:26:49,240
coffee give up cigarettes yes

612
00:26:54,300 --> 00:26:51,700
thank you doctor come thank you still

613
00:26:55,590 --> 00:26:54,310
working up as a little oh they're going

614
00:27:18,090 --> 00:26:55,600
up and they're just like magic

615
00:27:20,220 --> 00:27:18,100
we must go radio something the skeptic

616
00:27:23,190 --> 00:27:20,230
magazine the journal from Australian

617
00:27:27,020 --> 00:27:23,200
skeptics subscribe online to the world's

618
00:27:31,260 --> 00:27:27,030
second oldest skeptical magazine visit

619
00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:31,270
WWF XCOM and click the publication's

620
00:27:38,210 --> 00:27:34,930
link you can also find there over 30

621
00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:38,220
years on back issues free to download

622
00:27:55,620 --> 00:27:41,710
the skeptic magazine from Australian

623
00:27:57,630 --> 00:27:55,630
skeptics and now direct from the cafe at

624
00:28:04,710 --> 00:27:57,640
Australia's Science Channel

625
00:28:05,910 --> 00:28:04,720
it's brouhaha with Kelly Wang the moment

626
00:28:06,810 --> 00:28:05,920
we've all been waiting for is finally

627
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:06,820
here

628
00:28:11,550 --> 00:28:09,490
the first round of data from census 2016

629
00:28:11,790 --> 00:28:11,560
have been published and unlike Senses

630
00:28:13,650 --> 00:28:11,800
Fail

631
00:28:16,590 --> 00:28:13,660
things have held up a little better this

632
00:28:18,690 --> 00:28:16,600
time so far I've revealed some pretty

633
00:28:21,270 --> 00:28:18,700
basic stuff about all twenty three point

634
00:28:24,060 --> 00:28:21,280
four million of us how old are we where

635
00:28:25,530 --> 00:28:24,070
we live where do we come from but we

636
00:28:27,870 --> 00:28:25,540
knows what the census is missing some

637
00:28:29,760 --> 00:28:27,880
questions ones that can be used to help

638
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:29,770
make better decisions to tackle one big

639
00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:32,570
problem in particular climate change

640
00:28:36,460 --> 00:28:35,090
we reckon that in the future the census

641
00:28:39,460 --> 00:28:36,470
should ask us about our environmental

642
00:28:41,290 --> 00:28:39,470
impact and carbon footprint but how

643
00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:41,300
often do you recycle do you use a

644
00:28:46,090 --> 00:28:44,330
driverless car how can you read me when

645
00:28:48,490 --> 00:28:46,100
was the last time you bought new clothes

646
00:28:50,830 --> 00:28:48,500
we wouldn't know how spellings are using

647
00:28:53,140 --> 00:28:50,840
up resources if we value this is a

648
00:28:55,060 --> 00:28:53,150
nationwide measurement we'd be a big

649
00:28:57,520 --> 00:28:55,070
step closer it's a practical sustainable

650
00:28:59,740 --> 00:28:57,530
change it could implement for structure

651
00:29:01,960 --> 00:28:59,750
allocate resources and help make

652
00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:01,970
decisions about our nation's future just

653
00:29:08,770 --> 00:29:05,810
like the rest of the census data for

654
00:29:19,270 --> 00:29:08,780
more brouhaha and Australian science ed

655
00:29:21,940 --> 00:29:19,280
4ww Australia science TV hello Anala

656
00:29:23,920 --> 00:29:21,950
needle on solo starts of deep moments

657
00:29:28,260 --> 00:29:23,930
been to an atlas run out of skeptic zone

658
00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:28,270
for way to stop and Katie snide anchor

659
00:29:37,080 --> 00:29:31,610
moving from RC fauna we may be been

660
00:29:44,050 --> 00:29:40,900
now for part two of our beekeeping story

661
00:29:45,880 --> 00:29:44,060
with dr. eugenie Scott last week we went

662
00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:45,890
to her backyard and collected the honey

663
00:29:50,740 --> 00:29:48,410
right from the hive this week Jeannie

664
00:29:54,610 --> 00:29:50,750
and I sit down and she discusses some of

665
00:30:03,490 --> 00:29:54,620
these science behind beekeeping biscuits

666
00:30:04,540 --> 00:30:03,500
have gone to us and I hope content I am

667
00:30:07,150 --> 00:30:04,550
content

668
00:30:08,740 --> 00:30:07,160
oh yeah absolutely delightful now let's

669
00:30:13,090 --> 00:30:08,750
talk about some of the science when it

670
00:30:16,330 --> 00:30:13,100
comes to bees and beekeeping because my

671
00:30:17,830 --> 00:30:16,340
brief experience yesterday doing what we

672
00:30:20,020 --> 00:30:17,840
did gathering the honey and looking

673
00:30:22,750 --> 00:30:20,030
inside the hives and seeing you're

674
00:30:25,510 --> 00:30:22,760
pointing out the drones a lot I could

675
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:25,520
see the different casts of these workers

676
00:30:28,450 --> 00:30:28,010
didn't see a queen but not for lack of

677
00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:28,460
trying

678
00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:30,170
well we didn't try real hard we didn't

679
00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:32,420
try real hard but maybe it's not it is

680
00:30:37,420 --> 00:30:35,330
is it good to spot the Queen Isabella no

681
00:30:40,150 --> 00:30:37,430
it's a good idea to know that you have a

682
00:30:42,490 --> 00:30:40,160
queen but we did see it wasn't on camera

683
00:30:44,830 --> 00:30:42,500
but we did see eggs so that means that

684
00:30:50,380 --> 00:30:44,840
with within the last couple of days she

685
00:30:54,790 --> 00:30:53,470
Anna Anna Carlsen you just up the street

686
00:30:56,410 --> 00:30:54,800
of course there's another there were

687
00:31:00,490 --> 00:30:56,420
lots of hives around Berkeley Oh

688
00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:00,500
Berkeley is thick as thieves with - when

689
00:31:06,010 --> 00:31:02,810
I walk over my next-door neighbor has

690
00:31:07,870 --> 00:31:06,020
has a hive and when I walk over the

691
00:31:09,340 --> 00:31:07,880
grocery store I always kind of stop and

692
00:31:11,140 --> 00:31:09,350
I look over one fence don't worry

693
00:31:12,850 --> 00:31:11,150
they've got they've had hives and I

694
00:31:16,450 --> 00:31:12,860
always kind of check them out and see

695
00:31:19,750 --> 00:31:16,460
how they're doing there are bees flying

696
00:31:22,150 --> 00:31:19,760
in and out or their hives crashed over

697
00:31:25,930 --> 00:31:22,160
the winter I felt really bad they their

698
00:31:28,960 --> 00:31:25,940
hives died out oh and yeah that that is

699
00:31:33,870 --> 00:31:28,970
actually an interesting an interesting

700
00:31:36,640 --> 00:31:33,880
thing they the survival of these hives

701
00:31:39,820 --> 00:31:36,650
I'm a backyard beekeeper but of course

702
00:31:43,420 --> 00:31:39,830
here in California beekeeping is a huge

703
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:43,430
huge agricultural industry because bees

704
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:45,410
are pollinators for a lot of crops

705
00:31:51,350 --> 00:31:48,130
especially the tree crops almonds

706
00:31:55,350 --> 00:31:51,360
mmm stone fruits lots of different

707
00:31:59,520 --> 00:31:55,360
products are and it's not just

708
00:32:01,680 --> 00:31:59,530
California Florida other parts of the

709
00:32:04,980 --> 00:32:01,690
United States where they have especially

710
00:32:10,340 --> 00:32:04,990
trees they use a lot of they use a lot

711
00:32:13,290 --> 00:32:10,350
of beets and what happens is commercial

712
00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:13,300
beekeepers in California most of them

713
00:32:15,860 --> 00:32:14,890
actually are in California because this

714
00:32:18,450 --> 00:32:15,870
is sort of the home base for

715
00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:18,460
agricultural yeah production in the

716
00:32:25,080 --> 00:32:20,290
United States this is the huge

717
00:32:27,360 --> 00:32:25,090
agricultural part of the country and so

718
00:32:29,340 --> 00:32:27,370
the the commercial beekeepers have hives

719
00:32:31,110 --> 00:32:29,350
here and they'll have you know one

720
00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:31,120
hundred two hundred a thousand hives I

721
00:32:36,990 --> 00:32:32,770
mean they can have huge huge numbers of

722
00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:37,000
hives and when the the almond season is

723
00:32:42,960 --> 00:32:40,330
done you know they'll put their hives

724
00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:42,970
stacked you know five seven whatever

725
00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:45,730
deep and drive them to the Midwest or

726
00:32:50,070 --> 00:32:47,890
driving really to Florida or drive them

727
00:32:53,850 --> 00:32:50,080
someplace else so the the portable bees

728
00:32:55,590 --> 00:32:53,860
exactly exactly so and you know they'll

729
00:32:56,520 --> 00:32:55,600
let them out the bees will orient and

730
00:32:58,560 --> 00:32:56,530
figure out where they are

731
00:33:01,230 --> 00:32:58,570
and then they'll go forth and do this

732
00:33:03,870 --> 00:33:01,240
time colony well the clover crops

733
00:33:06,030 --> 00:33:03,880
alfalfa there's lots of different crops

734
00:33:10,470 --> 00:33:06,040
that honey that honey bees are used to

735
00:33:14,010 --> 00:33:10,480
to pollinate and in not just the United

736
00:33:16,530 --> 00:33:14,020
States but especially here in North

737
00:33:18,540 --> 00:33:16,540
America there's a real problem with

738
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:18,550
what's called colony collapse disorder

739
00:33:22,980 --> 00:33:21,010
yes we've heard about that it's yes

740
00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:22,990
makes the news sometimes it's a little

741
00:33:28,470 --> 00:33:26,410
bit sensationalist I think yeah there's

742
00:33:32,960 --> 00:33:28,480
a lot of pseudoscience yes but you know

743
00:33:36,570 --> 00:33:32,970
I think as skeptics I think we know that

744
00:33:39,420 --> 00:33:36,580
pseudoscience thrives when there's a

745
00:33:41,880 --> 00:33:39,430
lack of a scientific consensus and it's

746
00:33:44,340 --> 00:33:41,890
that's perfectly reasonable if you don't

747
00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:44,350
really have a solid scientific consensus

748
00:33:48,690 --> 00:33:46,690
there are a lot of competing hypotheses

749
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:48,700
and you know people can attach to one

750
00:33:56,120 --> 00:33:52,810
another what happens in most cases is

751
00:33:58,830 --> 00:33:56,130
that sooner or later there's enough

752
00:34:00,980 --> 00:33:58,840
experimental or other kinds of tests to

753
00:34:05,810 --> 00:34:00,990
rule out certain

754
00:34:09,170 --> 00:34:05,820
hypotheses and in a set of opinions

755
00:34:11,420 --> 00:34:09,180
coalesce around some explanations and

756
00:34:13,700 --> 00:34:11,430
then eventually everybody gets convinced

757
00:34:16,520 --> 00:34:13,710
and so you move on and of course says we

758
00:34:19,070 --> 00:34:16,530
know it's got to this it's often the

759
00:34:22,010 --> 00:34:19,080
case that even with the consensus some

760
00:34:24,830 --> 00:34:22,020
of the pseudoscience promoters cling to

761
00:34:27,010 --> 00:34:24,840
uploaded ideas and of course we have

762
00:34:29,630 --> 00:34:27,020
lots of examples of that in oh yeah

763
00:34:34,910 --> 00:34:29,640
climate science anti-vaccination any

764
00:34:37,430 --> 00:34:34,920
number it goes on and on occasion ism

765
00:34:39,290 --> 00:34:37,440
yes some of these ideas die very hard

766
00:34:41,990 --> 00:34:39,300
but that's enough that's a whole other

767
00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:42,000
conversation we've we've had and enjoy

768
00:34:47,480 --> 00:34:45,210
talking about but colony collapse

769
00:34:52,690 --> 00:34:47,490
disorder is a tough thing to deal with

770
00:34:57,410 --> 00:34:52,700
because it can wipe out 1/2 to 2/3 of a

771
00:34:59,320 --> 00:34:57,420
beekeepers hives and and for commercial

772
00:35:02,750 --> 00:34:59,330
beekeepers this is just a stunning

773
00:35:05,900 --> 00:35:02,760
economic hit because they have to have

774
00:35:08,720 --> 00:35:05,910
bees in order to have a livelihood we

775
00:35:11,710 --> 00:35:08,730
have to have the migratory beekeepers in

776
00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:11,720
order to have a reliable food supply and

777
00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:14,370
so it's something that even if you're

778
00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:16,050
not a commercial beekeeper you want to

779
00:35:21,710 --> 00:35:18,330
you want to think about it's less of a

780
00:35:26,300 --> 00:35:21,720
problem for backyard beekeepers we do

781
00:35:29,900 --> 00:35:26,310
have we do have hives that fail and in

782
00:35:32,020 --> 00:35:29,910
fact every year there's a I forget what

783
00:35:35,810 --> 00:35:32,030
the agency as I could look it up but

784
00:35:38,170 --> 00:35:35,820
there is an institution that keeps track

785
00:35:43,460 --> 00:35:38,180
of as well as it can

786
00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:43,470
self-reported statistics from backyard

787
00:35:48,230 --> 00:35:46,170
beekeepers how many of your hives failed

788
00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:48,240
this winter how many of your hives are

789
00:35:53,720 --> 00:35:51,090
still going etc and those those data

790
00:35:57,380 --> 00:35:53,730
suggest that even backyard beekeepers

791
00:35:59,450 --> 00:35:57,390
also have die offs hmm no backyard

792
00:36:02,120 --> 00:35:59,460
beekeeping and commercial beekeeping are

793
00:36:06,140 --> 00:36:02,130
in many respects very different entities

794
00:36:08,720 --> 00:36:06,150
I mean I can pamper my bees right I've

795
00:36:10,650 --> 00:36:08,730
got two hives and I could be out there

796
00:36:13,090 --> 00:36:10,660
every day

797
00:36:15,370 --> 00:36:13,100
well yeah I don't want to harass might

798
00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:15,380
be so it don't but but if you've got

799
00:36:18,940 --> 00:36:17,330
five hundred hives you're not going to

800
00:36:20,710 --> 00:36:18,950
be able to be able to look at every

801
00:36:23,470 --> 00:36:20,720
single one of them at regular intervals

802
00:36:24,910 --> 00:36:23,480
and assess their health and how they're

803
00:36:30,730 --> 00:36:24,920
doing and whether they're growing or

804
00:36:33,280 --> 00:36:30,740
whatever so the fact that backyard

805
00:36:35,920 --> 00:36:33,290
beekeepers also have sometimes

806
00:36:37,750 --> 00:36:35,930
substantial die offs depending on region

807
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:37,760
and so forth and commercial beekeepers

808
00:36:42,490 --> 00:36:39,170
have suffered with this for several

809
00:36:47,650 --> 00:36:42,500
years it is worth trying to solve this

810
00:36:51,090 --> 00:36:47,660
problem the major hypotheses are of

811
00:36:54,220 --> 00:36:51,100
course environmental in the sense that

812
00:36:57,070 --> 00:36:54,230
commercial beekeepers are rough on bees

813
00:36:58,930 --> 00:36:57,080
when you're hauling your bees across the

814
00:37:03,490 --> 00:36:58,940
country you're exposing them to

815
00:37:06,280 --> 00:37:03,500
temperature and to humidity differences

816
00:37:08,020 --> 00:37:06,290
or your Europe's you know you're shaking

817
00:37:11,380 --> 00:37:08,030
the heck out of them and you're Rumble

818
00:37:14,340 --> 00:37:11,390
across highways yes yes and that's got

819
00:37:17,140 --> 00:37:14,350
to be very stressful for bees so one

820
00:37:19,270 --> 00:37:17,150
hypothesis was that well yeah commercial

821
00:37:20,860 --> 00:37:19,280
beekeepers are using losing half to

822
00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:20,870
two-thirds of their bees because they're

823
00:37:24,130 --> 00:37:22,490
just beating them up they're just

824
00:37:27,220 --> 00:37:24,140
providing this very unhealthy

825
00:37:30,070 --> 00:37:27,230
environment and monoculture you take

826
00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:30,080
your bees here and they they spend a

827
00:37:34,870 --> 00:37:32,810
week fertilizing alfalfa fields and then

828
00:37:37,390 --> 00:37:34,880
you pack them up and you move them here

829
00:37:40,210 --> 00:37:37,400
and now they're doing almonds that's the

830
00:37:42,420 --> 00:37:40,220
wrong order but anyway and and so that's

831
00:37:47,170 --> 00:37:42,430
not that's not really a healthy kind of

832
00:37:49,180 --> 00:37:47,180
living for bees monoculture doesn't give

833
00:37:51,910 --> 00:37:49,190
them the variety of nutrients that they

834
00:37:54,690 --> 00:37:51,920
need so you know the environment of

835
00:37:56,950 --> 00:37:54,700
commercial beekeepers has been one

836
00:38:03,340 --> 00:37:56,960
hypothesis for colony collapse disorder

837
00:38:08,830 --> 00:38:03,350
a very important variable is the varroa

838
00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:08,840
mite that's dar Oh try that again VAR ro

839
00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:13,610
a varroa this is a mite it's a parasite

840
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:17,810
of bees which is not native to the

841
00:38:21,880 --> 00:38:19,730
United States or North America

842
00:38:24,970 --> 00:38:21,890
came in from Asia the number of years

843
00:38:29,080 --> 00:38:24,980
ago and it doesn't really you know like

844
00:38:31,260 --> 00:38:29,090
all intrusive species it's a new

845
00:38:33,940 --> 00:38:31,270
environment it doesn't have its usual

846
00:38:37,930 --> 00:38:33,950
predators and that's just writing like

847
00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:37,940
crazy right yeah and varroa mites don't

848
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:41,090
actually you know will rarely just

849
00:38:46,990 --> 00:38:44,810
flat-out killaby because it doesn't make

850
00:38:48,670 --> 00:38:47,000
sense for the parasite only yeah in

851
00:38:51,790 --> 00:38:48,680
generally speaking but it weakens a bee

852
00:38:54,190 --> 00:38:51,800
uh-huh and they're actually fairly large

853
00:38:56,440 --> 00:38:54,200
you can actually see them reeling the

854
00:38:57,400 --> 00:38:56,450
bees yep they're about the size of a

855
00:39:00,700 --> 00:38:57,410
pinhead

856
00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:00,710
which if you visualize a bee he's not

857
00:39:04,690 --> 00:39:02,510
very big and something the size of a

858
00:39:09,310 --> 00:39:04,700
pendant you can definitely smell okay

859
00:39:11,890 --> 00:39:09,320
and what so you'd have to have a whole

860
00:39:13,990 --> 00:39:11,900
lot of them sucking lymph out of the B

861
00:39:16,090 --> 00:39:14,000
in order to just kill it off that's not

862
00:39:19,150 --> 00:39:16,100
likely to happen but what it does happen

863
00:39:22,390 --> 00:39:19,160
is that it weakens the bees and they

864
00:39:24,490 --> 00:39:22,400
also carry an awful lot of viruses and I

865
00:39:27,099 --> 00:39:24,500
think also there's some and bacterias as

866
00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:27,109
well so there are diseases of bees that

867
00:39:32,290 --> 00:39:29,210
are spread around by these varroa mites

868
00:39:34,810 --> 00:39:32,300
so one of the things that both

869
00:39:37,240 --> 00:39:34,820
commercial and backyard beekeepers have

870
00:39:40,570 --> 00:39:37,250
to do is really monitor the amount of

871
00:39:44,170 --> 00:39:40,580
varroa parasitism every hive has it I'm

872
00:39:46,060 --> 00:39:44,180
sure my I've had my previous hives which

873
00:39:49,210 --> 00:39:46,070
have succeeded or died I know they had

874
00:39:52,660 --> 00:39:49,220
it as well and in fact I think I lost

875
00:39:55,599 --> 00:39:52,670
one of my hives year or so ago to a

876
00:39:58,060 --> 00:39:55,609
disease carried by berola so when you

877
00:40:00,340 --> 00:39:58,070
say lust is you you go to visit your

878
00:40:05,140 --> 00:40:00,350
hive in you notices you notice get less

879
00:40:07,180 --> 00:40:05,150
are getting low maybe you see it's it's

880
00:40:09,730 --> 00:40:07,190
not uncommon to see some dead bees out

881
00:40:11,650 --> 00:40:09,740
in front of your hive because well like

882
00:40:13,960 --> 00:40:11,660
we were talking about bees have a very

883
00:40:15,820 --> 00:40:13,970
short lifespan the workers basically

884
00:40:18,280 --> 00:40:15,830
work themselves to death and they you

885
00:40:20,530 --> 00:40:18,290
know just keel over but if you've got

886
00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:20,540
you know more in a couple you might want

887
00:40:26,770 --> 00:40:22,250
to take care of a look there and see

888
00:40:29,740 --> 00:40:26,780
what's going on there's an one of the

889
00:40:30,660 --> 00:40:29,750
diseases is a deformed wing virus mm-hm

890
00:40:33,870 --> 00:40:30,670
that

891
00:40:38,400 --> 00:40:33,880
when the the varroa mite can infect a

892
00:40:40,380 --> 00:40:38,410
developing embryo that's actually where

893
00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:40,390
you know the varroa mites get into the

894
00:40:45,630 --> 00:40:43,810
cells that contain the embryos and they

895
00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:45,640
attach themselves to the embryo oh wow

896
00:40:49,800 --> 00:40:47,410
so that weakens the embryo and then when

897
00:40:52,050 --> 00:40:49,810
the creature when the embryo grows up

898
00:40:56,610 --> 00:40:52,060
and hatches out it carries around the

899
00:40:59,040 --> 00:40:56,620
severe or parasite but one of the

900
00:41:01,500 --> 00:40:59,050
viruses that they carry is one that can

901
00:41:05,670 --> 00:41:01,510
affect the development of wings on this

902
00:41:08,730 --> 00:41:05,680
developing embryo and the wings they

903
00:41:10,530 --> 00:41:08,740
have like lots of Hymenoptera they have

904
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:10,540
four pairs of wings to in front and two

905
00:41:16,050 --> 00:41:12,010
smaller ones in back that are used for

906
00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:16,060
balancing and the wings kind of come out

907
00:41:19,710 --> 00:41:17,770
a little bit twisted or they're smaller

908
00:41:23,490 --> 00:41:19,720
they don't really work well and so those

909
00:41:25,980 --> 00:41:23,500
birds don't boots those bees don't make

910
00:41:29,190 --> 00:41:25,990
it they generally they can't fly or if

911
00:41:30,960 --> 00:41:29,200
they if the disease isn't too bad they

912
00:41:33,570 --> 00:41:30,970
just don't fly very well and so they're

913
00:41:37,070 --> 00:41:33,580
you know they don't work so there's a

914
00:41:40,410 --> 00:41:37,080
lot of problems with the varroa mite and

915
00:41:43,410 --> 00:41:40,420
varroa mite is is a very good culprit

916
00:41:47,460 --> 00:41:43,420
for a colony collapse well the third

917
00:41:50,880 --> 00:41:47,470
major hypothesis is neonicotinoid

918
00:41:53,190 --> 00:41:50,890
pesticides and the Neo Nick's as they're

919
00:41:55,370 --> 00:41:53,200
called for obvious reasons it's a lot

920
00:41:58,700 --> 00:41:55,380
shorter than saying Leo Nick is annoyed

921
00:42:04,940 --> 00:41:58,710
the Neo Nicks is a class of Petrov

922
00:42:08,130 --> 00:42:04,950
pesticide that are used fairly widely in

923
00:42:12,750 --> 00:42:08,140
canola you know rapeseed production and

924
00:42:15,330 --> 00:42:12,760
many other crops as well and there have

925
00:42:19,730 --> 00:42:15,340
been a number of studies mostly in

926
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:19,740
Europe actually showing that neonics are

927
00:42:30,240 --> 00:42:24,510
toxic toxic to developing B embryos and

928
00:42:31,830 --> 00:42:30,250
and adult bees as well the hypothesis of

929
00:42:33,920 --> 00:42:31,840
the effect of the neonics

930
00:42:36,900 --> 00:42:33,930
is that it it affects the bees

931
00:42:40,230 --> 00:42:36,910
navigation system hmm because one of the

932
00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:40,240
problems one of the indicators of colony

933
00:42:46,700 --> 00:42:41,730
collapse disorder is

934
00:42:48,800 --> 00:42:46,710
that bees hatch out they you know

935
00:42:58,330 --> 00:42:48,810
Orient's they fly off they are working

936
00:43:03,890 --> 00:43:01,580
and so of course you're Heidi decreases

937
00:43:05,510 --> 00:43:03,900
a number because your bees don't come

938
00:43:13,160 --> 00:43:05,520
back to me that that's a real problem

939
00:43:15,670 --> 00:43:13,170
and so what seems to be you know gelling

940
00:43:19,580 --> 00:43:15,680
and I'm certainly not a bee researcher

941
00:43:22,490 --> 00:43:19,590
goodness knows but what appears from you

942
00:43:25,790 --> 00:43:22,500
know a very far outsider's perspective

943
00:43:28,370 --> 00:43:25,800
is that it's probably all three no four

944
00:43:31,099 --> 00:43:28,380
commercial beekeepers they do stress the

945
00:43:32,920 --> 00:43:31,109
bees a lot they expose them to crops

946
00:43:36,200 --> 00:43:32,930
that have neonics

947
00:43:39,650 --> 00:43:36,210
and varroa is universal I mean every you

948
00:43:42,109 --> 00:43:39,660
know you you work hard to control your

949
00:43:45,940 --> 00:43:42,119
varroa and there's my two sides that

950
00:43:49,160 --> 00:43:45,950
sometimes people use oh they're also our

951
00:43:52,240 --> 00:43:49,170
non-chemical ways of dealing with the

952
00:43:57,320 --> 00:43:52,250
mites and of course just trying to

953
00:44:01,130 --> 00:43:57,330
trying to avoid avoid robbing and avoid

954
00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:01,140
other things that expose your hive to -

955
00:44:09,349 --> 00:44:05,040
you know if you can get your hive

956
00:44:13,160 --> 00:44:09,359
relatively varroa free you can keep it

957
00:44:14,690 --> 00:44:13,170
relatively varroa free if your bees are

958
00:44:16,370 --> 00:44:14,700
not out robbing others because that's

959
00:44:19,160 --> 00:44:16,380
where they pick up mites from other

960
00:44:22,609 --> 00:44:19,170
hives or other hives trying to run your

961
00:44:27,290 --> 00:44:22,619
life will bring mites in so you try to

962
00:44:29,890 --> 00:44:27,300
you know keep the robbing down but yet

963
00:44:32,390 --> 00:44:29,900
see crime does not pay

964
00:44:34,910 --> 00:44:32,400
if you're a bee who robs your are

965
00:44:38,359 --> 00:44:34,920
exposing yourself to illness so it's

966
00:44:41,210 --> 00:44:38,369
probably all three of those factors for

967
00:44:42,530 --> 00:44:41,220
us backyard beekeepers where you know we

968
00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:42,540
pamper our bees and give them this

969
00:44:47,630 --> 00:44:45,330
wonderful environment where they aren't

970
00:44:52,250 --> 00:44:47,640
exposed to the kinds of stresses that

971
00:44:53,390 --> 00:44:52,260
commercial beekeepers have depending on

972
00:44:55,820 --> 00:44:53,400
where you live you

973
00:45:00,590 --> 00:44:55,830
maybe your bees may be exposed to

974
00:45:03,530 --> 00:45:00,600
neonics here in very green Northern

975
00:45:05,390 --> 00:45:03,540
California and especially Berkeley I I

976
00:45:07,730 --> 00:45:05,400
don't know any neighbor that uses any

977
00:45:09,530 --> 00:45:07,740
kind of pesticide remember that so I

978
00:45:13,100 --> 00:45:09,540
don't have a lot of worry about my yes

979
00:45:16,040 --> 00:45:13,110
yeah doing that but you know I mean just

980
00:45:17,900 --> 00:45:16,050
cuz I know my neighbors they if they go

981
00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:17,910
over a few blocks people I don't know

982
00:45:23,750 --> 00:45:20,730
who knows what they're using so at any

983
00:45:26,510 --> 00:45:23,760
rate colony collapse disorder is a

984
00:45:32,270 --> 00:45:26,520
serious problem with honeybee production

985
00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:32,280
or honeybee maintenance and a serious

986
00:45:38,690 --> 00:45:35,370
problem for pollination of food crops

987
00:45:42,290 --> 00:45:38,700
yes of course we have to we have to roll

988
00:45:44,690 --> 00:45:42,300
up it's interesting to see what you have

989
00:45:47,450 --> 00:45:44,700
in your backyard and then to try to

990
00:45:50,830 --> 00:45:47,460
visualize it on an industrial scale yes

991
00:45:54,410 --> 00:45:50,840
these massive

992
00:45:57,490 --> 00:45:54,420
stacks stacks of knives and you your

993
00:46:00,080 --> 00:45:57,500
hives for example have what four layers

994
00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:00,090
no no mines mine are much smaller

995
00:46:05,690 --> 00:46:03,570
although it's possible the the standard

996
00:46:08,780 --> 00:46:05,700
hive configuration is what they call a

997
00:46:11,030 --> 00:46:08,790
brood box which is a deeper box there

998
00:46:12,590 --> 00:46:11,040
for the entrance is right yeah yeah we

999
00:46:16,850 --> 00:46:12,600
all tend to use these lengths trough

1000
00:46:18,770 --> 00:46:16,860
pipes which have our rectangles that I

1001
00:46:21,830 --> 00:46:18,780
should know exactly how tall they are

1002
00:46:26,330 --> 00:46:21,840
but foot and a half or something like

1003
00:46:29,330 --> 00:46:26,340
that less and each of these boxes can

1004
00:46:31,580 --> 00:46:29,340
hold ten frames so that's a standard box

1005
00:46:34,010 --> 00:46:31,590
yeah and you use the deep box for brood

1006
00:46:37,220 --> 00:46:34,020
box that's where you that's where the

1007
00:46:39,860 --> 00:46:37,230
Queen will will develop the workers will

1008
00:46:42,110 --> 00:46:39,870
develop that will draw the comb and the

1009
00:46:44,300 --> 00:46:42,120
Queen will lay the eggs and the cells

1010
00:46:47,090 --> 00:46:44,310
their workers will raise the embryos and

1011
00:46:53,690 --> 00:46:47,100
count them and all that and then I also

1012
00:46:55,700 --> 00:46:53,700
have expanded my brood area you can do

1013
00:46:57,500 --> 00:46:55,710
that by putting a second brood box on if

1014
00:46:59,250 --> 00:46:57,510
you are planning to have a really big

1015
00:47:02,610 --> 00:46:59,260
high some people do it that's fine

1016
00:47:07,530 --> 00:47:02,620
I put a smaller box on top called the

1017
00:47:10,200 --> 00:47:07,540
super as in super in the sense of above

1018
00:47:12,450 --> 00:47:10,210
it's the it's a smaller it's a

1019
00:47:14,310 --> 00:47:12,460
medium-sized box

1020
00:47:17,510 --> 00:47:14,320
it also has ten frames so they're same

1021
00:47:22,380 --> 00:47:17,520
same did they nest on top of one another

1022
00:47:28,080 --> 00:47:22,390
and this is a this is about a six or

1023
00:47:30,510 --> 00:47:28,090
seven inch tall box and I'm using one of

1024
00:47:32,430 --> 00:47:30,520
those as to sort of expand my brood area

1025
00:47:34,530 --> 00:47:32,440
but then I've got what's called the

1026
00:47:38,000 --> 00:47:34,540
queen excluder which is a new great

1027
00:47:41,430 --> 00:47:38,010
that keeps the Queen because it's it's

1028
00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:41,440
the spaces between the the wires of the

1029
00:47:47,370 --> 00:47:45,130
great are wide enough to let a worker

1030
00:47:50,370 --> 00:47:47,380
beef through but not wide enough to let

1031
00:47:52,770 --> 00:47:50,380
a larger Queen through so it excludes

1032
00:47:55,890 --> 00:47:52,780
the Queen from anything above it and

1033
00:47:58,260 --> 00:47:55,900
I've got another honey super another

1034
00:48:01,470 --> 00:47:58,270
medium box on top of the Queen excluder

1035
00:48:04,020 --> 00:48:01,480
and that was the one that we got we did

1036
00:48:06,420 --> 00:48:04,030
yesterday yeah so when you harvest the

1037
00:48:07,950 --> 00:48:06,430
honey from that you sure you away some

1038
00:48:10,590 --> 00:48:07,960
of the bees but you just basically

1039
00:48:12,150 --> 00:48:10,600
getting honey yeah yeah there's not

1040
00:48:14,100 --> 00:48:12,160
gonna be any brood in there there's not

1041
00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:14,110
gonna yeah when we were looking at

1042
00:48:22,740 --> 00:48:18,570
Anna's high yesterday I pointed out that

1043
00:48:26,420 --> 00:48:22,750
this one this one frame had a very

1044
00:48:29,370 --> 00:48:26,430
classic distribution on the left side

1045
00:48:32,190 --> 00:48:29,380
across the top and on the right side you

1046
00:48:33,690 --> 00:48:32,200
saw there was capped honey where they

1047
00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:33,700
were storing the honey around the

1048
00:48:40,080 --> 00:48:36,850
outside and then in the middle was brood

1049
00:48:43,680 --> 00:48:40,090
you know rows and columns of cells that

1050
00:48:45,690 --> 00:48:43,690
the Queen had laid eggs in and the

1051
00:48:49,050 --> 00:48:45,700
workers then captain they were raising

1052
00:48:51,150 --> 00:48:49,060
brood in there which is a very classic

1053
00:48:56,750 --> 00:48:51,160
kind of pattern and that would be

1054
00:49:00,420 --> 00:48:56,760
repeated in any number of frames the

1055
00:49:01,980 --> 00:49:00,430
that's good but it's it's often really

1056
00:49:03,170 --> 00:49:01,990
nice if you're one if you want to

1057
00:49:05,430 --> 00:49:03,180
harvest honey

1058
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:05,440
which we do

1059
00:49:11,640 --> 00:49:09,010
Jesus yes to you you don't want to take

1060
00:49:15,270 --> 00:49:11,650
you don't want to take a frame of brood

1061
00:49:17,280 --> 00:49:15,280
not be spinning up no you don't wanna

1062
00:49:19,829 --> 00:49:17,290
kill your bees no you also don't want to

1063
00:49:22,760 --> 00:49:19,839
have little bee parts in your honey so

1064
00:49:25,050 --> 00:49:22,770
it's good to have it's good to have the

1065
00:49:29,430 --> 00:49:25,060
the frames with honey that you're

1066
00:49:31,349 --> 00:49:29,440
planning to to harvest separate from the

1067
00:49:33,240 --> 00:49:31,359
frames with honey that also have brood

1068
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:33,250
in them that you're you're leaving that

1069
00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:36,010
honey for the bees do you know they'll

1070
00:49:42,150 --> 00:49:39,250
they'll consume the honey in those

1071
00:49:44,280 --> 00:49:42,160
frames and in those cells and then

1072
00:49:45,329 --> 00:49:44,290
they'll fill them back up again so

1073
00:49:49,050 --> 00:49:45,339
there's you know there's a lot of

1074
00:49:50,700 --> 00:49:49,060
recycling in the bee worlds well what a

1075
00:49:54,500 --> 00:49:50,710
fascinating thing I mean I had no idea

1076
00:49:58,140 --> 00:49:54,510
you see documentaries on TV over these

1077
00:49:59,790 --> 00:49:58,150
and occasionally they inside the Beehive

1078
00:50:01,109 --> 00:49:59,800
the David Attenborough something like

1079
00:50:04,620 --> 00:50:01,119
that everyone's familiar with the

1080
00:50:07,530 --> 00:50:04,630
classic shape of a standard be high

1081
00:50:09,930 --> 00:50:07,540
affects like I'll hit the hexagonal so

1082
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:09,940
the cells and all of that but I must say

1083
00:50:16,800 --> 00:50:12,810
it was really really interesting to

1084
00:50:20,250 --> 00:50:16,810
Donley the gear open up the hive lift up

1085
00:50:22,800 --> 00:50:20,260
the bits that are the frames and massive

1086
00:50:27,599 --> 00:50:22,810
bees there and do all that sort of thing

1087
00:50:29,520 --> 00:50:27,609
so folks why not look at the beekeeping

1088
00:50:31,859 --> 00:50:29,530
it's an interesting thing to do if

1089
00:50:34,980 --> 00:50:31,869
you've got some time and you've got a

1090
00:50:36,990 --> 00:50:34,990
backyard or something like that and the

1091
00:50:40,770 --> 00:50:37,000
results as you heard a little while ago

1092
00:50:43,050 --> 00:50:40,780
as we munched our honey biscuits results

1093
00:50:46,140 --> 00:50:43,060
the results can be very rewarding I

1094
00:50:50,089 --> 00:50:46,150
won't put in a plate and a plug for me

1095
00:50:52,230 --> 00:50:50,099
backyard beekeeping actually because

1096
00:50:54,990 --> 00:50:52,240
you're increasing the genetic

1097
00:50:57,000 --> 00:50:55,000
variability of the European honeybee

1098
00:50:59,069 --> 00:50:57,010
which is the bee that we all use do you

1099
00:51:03,450 --> 00:50:59,079
do to do this with and to raise honey

1100
00:51:05,250 --> 00:51:03,460
from the commercial beekeepers are doing

1101
00:51:09,030 --> 00:51:05,260
the best they can they go through an

1102
00:51:11,730 --> 00:51:09,040
awful lot of bees they are subjecting

1103
00:51:14,450 --> 00:51:11,740
their bees to a lot of artificial

1104
00:51:18,670 --> 00:51:14,460
selection for

1105
00:51:23,870 --> 00:51:21,950
treatments that they're subjecting them

1106
00:51:24,670 --> 00:51:23,880
to for Verona and other diseases and

1107
00:51:27,500 --> 00:51:24,680
stuff

1108
00:51:30,799 --> 00:51:27,510
speaking of artificial selection there

1109
00:51:33,500 --> 00:51:30,809
is a very strong selection on the varroa

1110
00:51:35,420 --> 00:51:33,510
mite against certain meta sites which

1111
00:51:37,160 --> 00:51:35,430
already have become upset oh wow

1112
00:51:41,030 --> 00:51:37,170
and so that's kind of scary because the

1113
00:51:42,799 --> 00:51:41,040
microsites these are insects mites or

1114
00:51:44,960 --> 00:51:42,809
mites they're different more than their

1115
00:51:46,370 --> 00:51:44,970
different environments so I might decide

1116
00:51:49,069 --> 00:51:46,380
we'll kill a mite and isn't that

1117
00:51:50,240 --> 00:51:49,079
supposed to kill an insect doesn't

1118
00:51:52,480 --> 00:51:50,250
always work that way you know the

1119
00:51:55,099 --> 00:51:52,490
miticide is used to control the raw our

1120
00:51:56,480 --> 00:51:55,109
our tough on bees so you don't really

1121
00:52:01,130 --> 00:51:56,490
want to use them unless you absolutely

1122
00:52:04,309 --> 00:52:01,140
have to but you know so there is um

1123
00:52:06,829 --> 00:52:04,319
there's all sorts of selection going on

1124
00:52:08,540 --> 00:52:06,839
good better and different in the

1125
00:52:10,780 --> 00:52:08,550
commercial hives but one thing that

1126
00:52:13,780 --> 00:52:10,790
backyard beekeepers can do is they can

1127
00:52:16,430 --> 00:52:13,790
deliberately select four characteristics

1128
00:52:18,950 --> 00:52:16,440
there's a beekeeper mmm

1129
00:52:20,870 --> 00:52:18,960
north of here he's actually commercial

1130
00:52:23,059 --> 00:52:20,880
beekeeper but he's very oriented towards

1131
00:52:26,390 --> 00:52:23,069
scientific beekeeping that's actually

1132
00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:26,400
his website and he is trying to select

1133
00:52:33,440 --> 00:52:31,290
for varroa resistant bees and backyard

1134
00:52:35,930 --> 00:52:33,450
beekeepers can also be increasing that

1135
00:52:40,430 --> 00:52:35,940
genetic variation and maintaining the

1136
00:52:42,890 --> 00:52:40,440
stalks of European honeybee so the more

1137
00:52:45,890 --> 00:52:42,900
backyard beekeepers we have the better

1138
00:52:48,680 --> 00:52:45,900
off we are the less were likely to lose

1139
00:52:52,839 --> 00:52:48,690
all of our beers always say the less

1140
00:52:57,140 --> 00:52:52,849
like we are likely we are to have a

1141
00:52:59,329 --> 00:52:57,150
really disastrous crash in the bee

1142
00:53:02,270 --> 00:52:59,339
population so thanks for reminding them

1143
00:53:05,510 --> 00:53:02,280
check with your local provincial or

1144
00:53:08,299 --> 00:53:05,520
state bee keepers Association there is

1145
00:53:10,370 --> 00:53:08,309
very likely one we have ours are by

1146
00:53:13,520 --> 00:53:10,380
county some Vonda Alameda County

1147
00:53:15,910 --> 00:53:13,530
Beekeepers Association sometimes they're

1148
00:53:19,339 --> 00:53:15,920
citywide but if you google you know

1149
00:53:21,799 --> 00:53:19,349
beekeepers in blank city you're going to

1150
00:53:23,990 --> 00:53:21,809
find some sort of reference to yeah

1151
00:53:25,940 --> 00:53:24,000
and beekeepers are the best they will be

1152
00:53:27,840 --> 00:53:25,950
very helpful in mentoring you and

1153
00:53:30,420 --> 00:53:27,850
helping get you out of jams

1154
00:53:31,770 --> 00:53:30,430
well let that I saw that the other day

1155
00:53:33,960 --> 00:53:31,780
when you visited your neighbor to help

1156
00:53:37,820 --> 00:53:33,970
her out with her pigs look folks I won't

1157
00:53:40,140 --> 00:53:37,830
put a list of your local beekeepers

1158
00:53:42,030 --> 00:53:40,150
association on the show notes this week

1159
00:53:43,950 --> 00:53:42,040
because they're behind list pages and

1160
00:53:45,510 --> 00:53:43,960
pages for around the world but yes if

1161
00:53:46,620 --> 00:53:45,520
you google that I'm sure I'm sure you'll

1162
00:53:49,530 --> 00:53:46,630
find what you're after

1163
00:53:51,690 --> 00:53:49,540
well again I could recommend I might

1164
00:53:53,720 --> 00:53:51,700
deal where I retire you know I might be

1165
00:53:58,920 --> 00:53:53,730
like Sherlock Holmes and sit there and

1166
00:54:10,200 --> 00:53:58,930
if it was good enough for Sherlock Jamie

1167
00:54:10,210 --> 00:54:15,640
[Music]

1168
00:54:21,319 --> 00:54:18,559
Kwak watch your guide to quackery health

1169
00:54:24,500 --> 00:54:21,329
fraud and intelligent decisions operated

1170
00:54:26,390 --> 00:54:24,510
by Stephan Barratt MD quite watch is now

1171
00:54:28,670 --> 00:54:26,400
an international network of people who

1172
00:54:31,520 --> 00:54:28,680
concerned about health related frauds

1173
00:54:34,609 --> 00:54:31,530
myths fans fallacies and misconduct

1174
00:54:36,589 --> 00:54:34,619
its primary focus is on quackery related

1175
00:54:38,900 --> 00:54:36,599
information that is difficult or

1176
00:54:42,290 --> 00:54:38,910
impossible to get elsewhere articles on

1177
00:54:45,920 --> 00:54:42,300
quackery include quackery how should it

1178
00:54:49,490 --> 00:54:45,930
be defined how it sells 26 ways to spot

1179
00:54:52,010 --> 00:54:49,500
it how it comes cancer patients 7

1180
00:54:54,440 --> 00:54:52,020
warning signs for bogus science why

1181
00:54:57,470 --> 00:54:54,450
health professionals become quacks and

1182
00:54:59,329 --> 00:54:57,480
many more including in-depth looks at

1183
00:55:01,430 --> 00:54:59,339
thank you puncture chiropractic

1184
00:55:04,240 --> 00:55:01,440
homeopathy naturopathy

1185
00:55:07,030 --> 00:55:04,250
and much more visit

1186
00:55:32,050 --> 00:55:07,040
www.gfi.com/webmonitor

1187
00:55:39,290 --> 00:55:36,440
the sounds of New York City I am

1188
00:55:43,160 --> 00:55:39,300
approaching Times Square it's a Friday

1189
00:55:44,680 --> 00:55:43,170
evening and to say it's bustling is an

1190
00:55:48,440 --> 00:55:44,690
understatement

1191
00:55:51,020 --> 00:55:48,450
thousands of people and we've turning

1192
00:55:53,090 --> 00:55:51,030
the corner now and my goodness me I am

1193
00:55:57,020 --> 00:55:53,100
looking right down the famous Times

1194
00:55:58,820 --> 00:55:57,030
Square but apart from the spectacle of

1195
00:56:01,800 --> 00:55:58,830
the lights you've probably familiar with

1196
00:56:08,590 --> 00:56:06,280
TV and movies the famous Time Square I'm

1197
00:56:11,560 --> 00:56:08,600
just surrounded by the most everywhere I

1198
00:56:16,150 --> 00:56:11,570
look there's bizarre things going on I'm

1199
00:56:19,960 --> 00:56:16,160
I'm surrounded by novellas actually of

1200
00:56:22,420 --> 00:56:19,970
the female variety and freaking Disney

1201
00:56:23,710 --> 00:56:22,430
characters everywhere Disney characters

1202
00:56:25,900 --> 00:56:23,720
there is Mario

1203
00:56:29,350 --> 00:56:25,910
we just passed spider-man there are all

1204
00:56:33,070 --> 00:56:29,360
these weird rocking red rocking chairs

1205
00:56:36,820 --> 00:56:33,080
which spin around and thousands upon

1206
00:56:39,250 --> 00:56:36,830
thousands of people just here to look at

1207
00:56:40,930 --> 00:56:39,260
the spectacle of Times Square shall we

1208
00:56:44,450 --> 00:56:40,940
move closer to the light what do you

1209
00:56:48,860 --> 00:56:44,460
think let's do that

1210
00:56:52,730 --> 00:56:48,870
it's it's a balmy evening it's it's very

1211
00:56:54,410 --> 00:56:52,740
well lit as you can imagine and there

1212
00:56:56,450 --> 00:56:54,420
seems to be a commotion going on up

1213
00:56:58,220 --> 00:56:56,460
ahead

1214
00:57:00,740 --> 00:56:58,230
let's see what we can find down here

1215
00:57:03,410 --> 00:57:00,750
it's probably a street performer a

1216
00:57:06,610 --> 00:57:03,420
busker I expect but we are walking

1217
00:57:08,930 --> 00:57:06,620
closer and closer to the coca-cola sign

1218
00:57:15,480 --> 00:57:08,940
we're going towards the light are we

1219
00:57:19,360 --> 00:57:17,890
it might know what there's a way through

1220
00:57:23,320 --> 00:57:19,370
the crowd actually I can see that near

1221
00:57:25,510 --> 00:57:23,330
the subway station and oh yeah it's a

1222
00:57:28,410 --> 00:57:25,520
huge crowd I've never seen such a crowd

1223
00:57:32,350 --> 00:57:28,420
around a busker before that's remarkable

1224
00:57:35,200 --> 00:57:32,360
he's a dancer or something

1225
00:57:50,020 --> 00:57:35,210
we've lost one of our party she's it's a

1226
00:57:53,170 --> 00:57:50,030
group of group of dancers okay some sort

1227
00:57:56,530 --> 00:57:53,180
of acrobatic act I think let's keep

1228
00:57:58,360 --> 00:57:56,540
walking out pushing my way through the

1229
00:58:01,750 --> 00:57:58,370
crowds here but everyone's very

1230
00:58:07,440 --> 00:58:01,760
good-natured it's no problem whatsoever

1231
00:58:13,660 --> 00:58:10,060
as we get closer and closer to the

1232
00:58:20,589 --> 00:58:16,470
looking around me I can see giant

1233
00:58:22,509 --> 00:58:20,599
screens incredibly lit advertising

1234
00:58:25,760 --> 00:58:22,519
everything you can imagine was scrolling

1235
00:58:29,290 --> 00:58:25,770
ticker tape things

1236
00:58:35,980 --> 00:58:29,300
thousands of obviously tourists taking

1237
00:58:39,880 --> 00:58:38,230
and I my photographs been taken now I'm

1238
00:58:42,750 --> 00:58:39,890
doing a life report for the skeptic zone

1239
00:58:45,630 --> 00:58:42,760
and I'm getting my photograph taken

1240
00:58:49,349 --> 00:58:45,640
there we go

1241
00:58:58,200 --> 00:58:55,049
I mean you've seen Times Square in the

1242
00:58:59,670 --> 00:58:58,210
television and the movies but I guess

1243
00:59:02,130 --> 00:58:59,680
the thing that's really striking me

1244
00:59:08,230 --> 00:59:02,140
about actually being here in person is

1245
00:59:20,109 --> 00:59:12,310
everywhere sitting queuing up for ice

1246
00:59:22,000 --> 00:59:20,119
cream in and out of stores everybody as

1247
00:59:23,260 --> 00:59:22,010
I said seems to be good-natured and just

1248
00:59:25,800 --> 00:59:23,270
out for a good time to look at the

1249
00:59:28,080 --> 00:59:25,810
spectacle

1250
00:59:30,580 --> 00:59:28,090
it's quite something it is quite

1251
00:59:37,270 --> 00:59:34,960
see this is the triangular building so

1252
00:59:39,760 --> 00:59:37,280
you got roads going off on either side

1253
00:59:41,950 --> 00:59:39,770
yes I know I know this view yes from the

1254
00:59:43,540 --> 00:59:41,960
movies and TV of course but it's

1255
00:59:46,830 --> 00:59:43,550
interesting it's sort of mirrored on our

1256
00:59:49,060 --> 00:59:46,840
other side of their somewhat yeah I

1257
00:59:54,760 --> 00:59:49,070
suppose you better introduce yourself

1258
00:59:59,560 --> 00:59:57,340
and Jocelyn Novell Jocelyn and your

1259
01:00:04,380 --> 00:59:59,570
husband is of course Steve Novello in

1260
01:00:07,120 --> 01:00:04,390
some somewhat known in certain circles a

1261
01:00:11,770 --> 01:00:07,130
new podcast Gotha skeptics guided in

1262
01:00:13,810 --> 01:00:11,780
that but and we've lost one she's she's

1263
01:00:18,940 --> 01:00:13,820
looking at the performance I think yes

1264
01:00:22,100 --> 01:00:18,950
Julia Julia is looking at Florence I'm

1265
01:00:28,150 --> 01:00:24,890
so we're getting moving further into

1266
01:00:31,930 --> 01:00:30,579
and we have a couple of characters here

1267
01:00:35,800 --> 01:00:31,940
dressed as the Statue of Liberty with

1268
01:00:43,829 --> 01:00:38,800
I look quite good really doesn't the

1269
01:00:51,819 --> 01:00:48,339
so deeper and deeper into this amazing

1270
01:00:55,920 --> 01:00:51,829
experience and I don't know that this

1271
01:00:59,440 --> 01:00:55,930
keeps getting more crowded in a way

1272
01:01:03,460 --> 01:00:59,450
another crowded section up here where

1273
01:01:05,470 --> 01:01:03,470
everybody's sitting on that see those

1274
01:01:06,880 --> 01:01:05,480
sitting on those seats so people sit

1275
01:01:15,130 --> 01:01:06,890
there and have pictures taken of

1276
01:01:20,249 --> 01:01:17,229
well as we try to make our way through

1277
01:01:23,200 --> 01:01:20,259
the the river of people the ocean of

1278
01:01:23,710 --> 01:01:23,210
humanity which is sort of now in Times

1279
01:01:25,630 --> 01:01:23,720
Square

1280
01:01:29,109 --> 01:01:25,640
thank you very much novellas service is

1281
01:01:32,480 --> 01:01:29,119
so much fun guiding me here and it's

1282
01:01:40,360 --> 01:01:32,490
just a wonderful experience

1283
01:01:54,750 --> 01:01:45,720
[Music]

1284
01:02:00,430 --> 01:01:57,130
thank you for listening to the skeptic

1285
01:02:03,270 --> 01:02:00,440
zone and my word what a pleasure it has

1286
01:02:07,000 --> 01:02:03,280
been and still is to be here in New York

1287
01:02:08,920 --> 01:02:07,010
it's a apart from the terrible heat and

1288
01:02:11,520 --> 01:02:08,930
humidity wow it's been hot and humid but

1289
01:02:16,920 --> 01:02:11,530
we've had big showers - big rain just

1290
01:02:20,320 --> 01:02:16,930
just pouring rain brief but pouring rain

1291
01:02:22,210 --> 01:02:20,330
but I must say ladies and gentlemen boys

1292
01:02:24,600 --> 01:02:22,220
and girls cats and dogs there's

1293
01:02:28,870 --> 01:02:24,610
something about New York I really like

1294
01:02:32,560 --> 01:02:28,880
there's it's got a it's got a certain

1295
01:02:34,480 --> 01:02:32,570
something it really does I find it suits

1296
01:02:36,070 --> 01:02:34,490
me very well I hope to be back everyone

1297
01:02:40,600 --> 01:02:36,080
tells me to be back in the autumn or the

1298
01:02:42,460 --> 01:02:40,610
fall when the weather is a bit cooler so

1299
01:02:45,300 --> 01:02:42,470
I might aim to do that one year I think

1300
01:02:48,130 --> 01:02:45,310
that would be pretty good I have seen so

1301
01:02:50,410 --> 01:02:48,140
so little of this city and I want to see

1302
01:02:53,020 --> 01:02:50,420
so much more something to aim for I

1303
01:02:55,270 --> 01:02:53,030
think and a big big thank you to the New

1304
01:02:56,830 --> 01:02:55,280
York sceptics and the New England

1305
01:02:59,010 --> 01:02:56,840
skeptics who have been putting this

1306
01:03:02,260 --> 01:02:59,020
conference together under some

1307
01:03:03,760 --> 01:03:02,270
difficulties it must be said not their

1308
01:03:07,570 --> 01:03:03,770
fault there were some problems with the

1309
01:03:10,120 --> 01:03:07,580
the building which they are resolved and

1310
01:03:12,490 --> 01:03:10,130
from the point of view of the speakers I

1311
01:03:15,040 --> 01:03:12,500
think and the the attendees it's just

1312
01:03:17,490 --> 01:03:15,050
been a wonderful convention and thank

1313
01:03:19,720 --> 01:03:17,500
you very much to Michael Feldman and

1314
01:03:22,330 --> 01:03:19,730
everybody who has been looking after me

1315
01:03:24,070 --> 01:03:22,340
so well coming up next week on the

1316
01:03:27,040 --> 01:03:24,080
skeptics own I'll bring you some

1317
01:03:29,170 --> 01:03:27,050
interviews from Nexus maybe James Randi

1318
01:03:30,370 --> 01:03:29,180
Harriet Hall I think I interviewed some

1319
01:03:32,050 --> 01:03:30,380
other people I'll get some more

1320
01:03:34,990 --> 01:03:32,060
interviews tomorrow just before I leave

1321
01:03:36,820 --> 01:03:35,000
but as always it's always a bit of a

1322
01:03:40,840 --> 01:03:36,830
mystery to me to see what comes up by

1323
01:03:43,300 --> 01:03:40,850
the the time another week goes by but

1324
01:03:49,280 --> 01:03:43,310
for this week from New York City this is

1325
01:03:55,500 --> 01:03:51,660
you've been listening to the skeptic

1326
01:03:58,410 --> 01:03:55,510
zone podcast visit our website at WWF

1327
01:04:02,310 --> 01:03:58,420
Tech's on TV for contacts an archive of

1328
01:04:04,980 --> 01:04:02,320
all episodes since 2008 and our online

1329
01:04:07,670 --> 01:04:04,990
store please support the skeptic zone by

1330
01:04:10,710 --> 01:04:07,680
following us on Twitter at skeptic zone

1331
01:04:13,620 --> 01:04:10,720
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1332
01:04:16,620 --> 01:04:13,630
review on iTunes you can also show your

1333
01:04:20,100 --> 01:04:16,630
support by subscribing via PayPal for as

1334
01:04:22,440 --> 01:04:20,110
little as 99 cents a week the skeptic

1335
01:04:24,210 --> 01:04:22,450
zone is an independent production the

1336
01:04:26,370 --> 01:04:24,220
views and opinions expressed on the

1337
01:04:28,910 --> 01:04:26,380
skeptic zone and not necessarily those

1338
01:04:40,140 --> 01:04:28,920
Australian skeptics or any other

1339
01:04:48,000 --> 01:04:40,150
skeptical organisation will pause while

1340
01:04:51,360 --> 01:04:48,010
we go there's no one coming out of Uncle

1341
01:04:54,360 --> 01:04:51,370
Tom's famous pie since 93

1342
01:04:57,080 --> 01:04:54,370
Oh different world with tradies we're

1343
01:05:03,200 --> 01:04:57,090
here he's my slice totally clear horizon

1344
01:05:05,760 --> 01:05:03,210
getting onto the road ok and ok so

1345
01:05:08,700 --> 01:05:05,770
somehow I think that'll probably make it

1346
01:05:10,110 --> 01:05:08,710
into the bloopers he normally puts

1347
01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:10,120
things like that in the bloopers of the